Superfamily Tylenchuloidea

                                           Rev 02/13/23

Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchuloidea Skarbilovich, 1947
   

Synonyms:
      Criconematina (Siddiqi, 1980)
      Hemicycliophoroidea (Skarbilovich, 1959)
      Criconematoidea

Morphology and Anatomy:

All stages:

• Females and juveniles vermiform or swollen to spherical
• Marked sexual dimorphism; male slender
• Cuticle thin with fine striations
• Esophogeal isthmus narrow, not amalgamated with terminal bulb

Three families:

• Paratylenchidae  Thorne, 1949
  • Paratylenchinae Thorne, 1949
• Sphaeronematidae Raski & Sher, 1952
  • Meloidoderitidae Kirjanova & Poghossian ,1973
  • Sphaeronematinae Raski & Sher, 1952
• Tylenchulidae Skarbilovich, 1947
  • Tylenchulinae Skarbilovich, 1947

Other authorities consider the families listed above to be subfamilies of a single family, the Tylenchulidae (e.g. Ghaderi et al.,2016):

Tylenchulinae

Sphaeronematinae

Paratylenchinae

Meloidoderitinae

Female:

• Migratory ecto- or sedentary endoparasites of plant roots.
• Female anus a small pore, absent in rare cases.

Male:

• Small, slender. 
• Cuticle thin, with narrow annuli; no extra-cuticular layer; typical lateral field present.
• Stylet mostly absent or degenerated and non-functional. 
• Esophagus degenerated, nonfunctional. 
• One testis. 
• Spicules often very long and setaceous, with small narrow head, elongate-slender shaft and finely pointed distal end; variable in shape, but often arcuate.
• Gubernaculum linear or crescent-shaped in lateral view, not protrusible.

References:

Andrassy, I. 2007. Free-living Nematodes of Hungary II. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest.  496 p.

Ghaderi, R., Geraert, E., Karegar, A. 2016. TheTylenchulidae of the World. Academia Press, Ghent, Belgium

Raski & Luc, Rev. Nematol. 10(4):409-444 (1987)

H. Ferris.

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