Order Dorylaimida Pearse, 1936 |
|||
Key from Jairajpuri and Ahmad (1992) with slight modification. |
|||
1 |
a |
Feeding apparatus an
odontostyle |
|
b |
Feeding apparatus a
mural tooth |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Mural tooth located on subdorsal wall of buccal cavity; basal part of
esophagus small with a strongly-developed triquetrous chamber |
|
b |
Mural tooth located on subventral wall of buccal cavity; basal part of
esophagus fairly long and without triquetrous chamber |
||
Suborder Dorylaimina Pearse, 1936 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Cheilostom strongly sclerotized, with plate- or basket-like structures,
frequently with large
onchia, with or without denticles |
|
b |
Cheilostom usually thin-walled, without onchia or denticles |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Odontostyle long, attenuated; esophagus with three glands |
|
b |
Odontostyle comparatively small; esophagus with five glands |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Expanded part of esophagus enclosed in a spiral muscular sheath |
|
b |
Expanded part of esophagus not enclosed in a spiral muscular sheath |
4 |
|
4 |
a |
Subcuticle coarsely striated, with abundant radial striae; expanded part
of esophagus usually a small basal bulb |
|
b |
Subcuticle not striated, few if any radial striae; expanded part of
esophagus usually about 50% of total esophagus length |
||
Superfamily Dorylaimoidea de Man, 1876 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Odontostyle aperture wide, usually more than half odontostyle length;
guiding ring plicated, not sclerotized |
|
b |
Odontostyle with smaller aperture, usually < 33% of odontostyle length;
guiding ring sclerotized |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Odontostyle attenuated, usually longer than lip region width |
|
b |
Odontostyle not attenuated, usually about as long as lip region width |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Large, stout nematodes, usually with long,
filiform tail which exhibits
sexual dimorphism |
|
b |
Medium-sized nematodes with short tails which are similar in both sexes |
||
Family Dorylaimidae de Man, 1876 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Cuticle with longitudinal ridges |
2 |
b |
Cuticle without longitudinal ridges |
3 |
|
2 |
a |
Tail elongate-conoid, similar in both sexes |
|
b |
Tail elongate-conoid to filiform in females, short and bluntly rounded
in males |
||
3 |
a |
Cheilostom (between guiding ring and oral aperture) with minute to
well-developed sclerotized plates; S2N (nuclei of second pair
of ventro-sublateral glands) well anterior to base of esophagus |
|
b |
Cheilostom without sclerotized plates; S2N close to base of
esophagus |
||
Subfamily Dorylaiminae de Man, 1876 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Ventromedian supplements in a contiguous series of 25-55 |
|
b |
Ventromedian supplements in 2-3 groups (fascicles) |
Ischiodorylaimus |
|
Subfamily Laimydorinae Andrassy, 1969 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Tails similar in both sexes |
2 |
b |
Tails dissimilar in males and females |
4 |
|
2 |
a |
Lip region offset; spicules narrow and "non-dorylaimoid" |
Amphidorylaimus |
b |
Lip region continuous; spicules broad and dorylaimoid |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Ventromedian supplements numerous, contiguous |
|
b |
Ventromedian supplements few, spaced |
||
4 |
a |
Guiding ring sclerotized, appearing double; male
prerectum long,
beginning anterior to supplements |
5 |
b |
Guiding ring not sclerotized, appearing single or weakly double; male
prerectum short, beginning within range of supplements |
6 |
|
5 |
a |
Subcuticle with coarse striations |
Idiodorylaimus |
b |
Subcuticle without coarse striations |
||
6 |
a |
Male tail with rounded terminus |
7 |
b |
Male tail with pointed terminus |
Afrodorylaimus |
|
7 |
a |
Odontostyle asymmetrical; two parts of esophagus not clearly demarcated |
Drepanodorylaimus |
b |
Odontostyle symmetrical; two parts of esophagus clearly demarcated |
8 |
|
8 |
a |
Odontophore slightly swollen at base |
Minidorylaimus |
b |
Odontophore rod like |
9 |
|
9 |
a |
Ventromedian supplements contiguous or uniformly spaced |
10 |
b |
Ventromedian supplements in two groups (fascicles) |
Calodorylaimus |
|
10 |
a |
Cuticle thin, vulva not sclerotized; spicules comparatively weak; prerectum extending much beyond range of supplements |
Miodorylaimus |
b |
Cuticle thick, vulva sclerotized; spicules well developed; prerectum beginning
at anterior end or within range of supplements |
11 |
|
11 |
a |
Spicules large, with double contour on dorsal side and spur near tip;
supplements very small |
Calcaridorylaimus |
b |
Spicules without double contour on dorsal side and without spur near
tip; supplements well developed |
||
Subfamily Thornenematinae Siddiqi, 1969 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Female reproductive system monovarial,
opisthodelphic |
2 |
b |
Female reproductive system diovarial,
amphidelphic |
6 |
|
2 |
a |
Female tail short, rounded |
3 |
b |
4 |
||
3 |
a |
Labial and postlabial
sclerotization |
Sclerolabia |
b |
No labial or postlabial sclerotization |
Willinema |
|
4 |
a |
Tail elongate-conoid, similar in both sexes |
Indiodorylaimus |
b |
Tail elongate-conoid to long, filiform in females and short-conoid in
males |
5 |
|
5 |
a |
Odontostyle broad, with wide lumen and aperture; no labial
sclerotization |
|
b |
Odontostyle narrow, labial sclerotization |
Thornenema |
|
6 |
a |
Odontostyle broad, with wide lumen and aperture; no labial
sclerotization |
Coomansinema |
b |
Odontostyle relatively narrow, labial sclerotization |
7 |
|
7 |
a |
Cheilorhabdions strongly
sclerotized, forming chamber-like structure |
8 |
b |
Cheilorhabdions
sclerotized, but not forming chamber-like structure |
9 |
|
8 |
a |
Guiding ring single, plicated; tail short, bluntly rounded |
Silvallis |
b |
Guiding ring appears double; tail long, filiform |
Fuscheila |
|
9 |
a |
Female tail short and rounded |
Timminema |
b |
Female tail long and filiform |
Sicaguttur |
|
Subfamily Arctidorylaiminae Mulvey and Anderson, 1979 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
Arctidorylaimus |
Family Aporcelaimidae Heyns, 1965 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Body sharply tapering towards anterior end |
|
b |
Body not sharply tapering towards anterior end |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Odontostyle axial with wide aperture |
|
b |
Odontostyle a mural tooth |
||
Subfamily Aporcelaiminae Heyns, 1965 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Cuticular layers inconspicuous; no criss-cross lines or punctations |
2 |
b |
Cuticular layers conspicuous; transverse of criss-cross lines or
punctations |
3 |
|
2 |
a |
Female tail long, |
Aporcedorus |
b |
Female tail short, |
||
3 |
a |
Lip region offset by slight depression; vulva longitudinal |
Makatinus |
b |
Lip region offset by deep constriction; vulva lips a transverse slit or
pore-like |
4 |
|
4 |
a |
Lip region rounded, labial papillae not projecting above contour; two
ventromedian supplements |
Akrotonus |
b |
Lip region angular, labial papillae projecting above contour; >2 ventromedian
supplements |
5 |
|
5 |
a |
Body very long (9-11 mm); aperture of odontostyle 1/3 its length |
Tubixaba |
b |
Body <6mm; odontostyle aperture about ½ its length or greater |
6 |
|
6 |
a |
Cuticle with faint longitudinal markings or criss-cross lines |
7 |
b |
Cuticle with transverse striations |
8 |
|
7 |
a |
Body relatively small;
three
cardia glands
at esophago-intestinal
junction |
|
b |
Body large; cardia glands absent |
||
8 |
a |
Oral aperture circular |
Takamangi |
b |
Oral aperture hexagonal |
||
Subfamily Sectonematinae Siddiqi, 1969 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
|
Subfamily Paraxonchiinae Dhanachand and Jairajpuri, 1981 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Odontostyle long, straight, attenuated, with small aperture; cardia
glands poorly developed |
Gopalus |
b |
Odontostyle smaller, wide, a little bent, with larger aperture; cardia
glands well-developed |
||
Family Qudsianematidae Jairajpuri, 1965 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Cuticle with coarse transverse striations |
2 |
b |
Cuticle with fine transverse striations |
3 |
|
2 |
a |
Body slender; body pores indistinct; odontostyle attenuated |
|
b |
Body not slender; body pores distinct; odontostyle not attenuated |
||
3 |
a |
Lip region discoid; well-developed
hypodermal glands |
|
b |
Lip region not discoid; hypodermal glands absent or poorly developed |
4 |
|
4 |
a |
Lip region continuous with body contour; lips amalgamated |
5 |
b |
Lip region offset; lips usually separated |
6 |
|
5 |
a |
Tail short and hemispherical in both sexes; only one adanal pair of
supplements present (rarely a single ventromedian) |
|
b |
Tail elongate
conoid in both sexes; adanal pair and a series of
ventromedian supplements present |
||
6 |
a |
Dorsal esophageal gland nucleus near anterior of esophageal enlargement;
female tail short, hemispherical to elongate conoid |
|
b |
Dorsal esophageal gland nucleus two or more body widths behind anterior
of esophageal enlargement; female tail long, |
||
Subfamily Qudsianematinae Jairajpuri, 1965 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Female reproductive system monovarial, opisthodelphic |
2 |
b |
Female reproductive system diovarial, amphidelphic |
3 |
|
2 |
a |
Amphids labial |
Indokochinema |
b |
Amphids post-labial |
||
3 |
a |
Odontophore simple, rod-like |
4 |
b |
Odontophore flanged or with basal knobs |
13 |
|
4 |
a |
Odontostyle large; guiding ring appears double |
5 |
b |
Odontostyle small; guiding ring appears single |
6 |
|
5 |
a |
Lip region with deeply sunken circumoral area and distinct inner liplets |
Labronemella |
b |
Lip region without deeply sunken circumoral area; inner liplets not well
separated; odontostyle slender |
||
6 |
a |
Outer margin of lips forming flap over oral area; inner margin of lips
sunken |
Baqriella |
b |
Outer margin of lips not forming flap over oral area; inner margin of
lips not sunken |
7 |
|
7 |
a |
Constriction between slender and expanded parts of esophagus; expanded
part bipartite |
Skibbernema |
b |
No constriction between slender and expanded parts of esophagus;
expanded part not bipartite |
8 |
|
8 |
a |
Lips with cuticularized pieces |
Crassolabium |
b |
Lips without cuticularized pieces |
9 |
|
9 |
a |
Cardia
disk
present |
|
b |
Cardia disk absent |
10 |
|
10 |
a |
Tail elongate
conoid, 3.5-8.0 x anal body diameter. |
|
b |
Tail short-conoid, 1-3 x anal body diameter |
11 |
|
11 |
a |
Body small (<1mm); esophagus long, almost 1/3 body length |
|
b |
Body long (>1mm); esophagus short |
12 |
|
12 |
a |
Precloacal space present |
|
b |
Precloacal space absent |
||
13 |
a |
Odontophore flanged |
14 |
b |
Odontophore with three prominent knobs |
Tylenchodorus |
|
14 |
a |
Odontostyle thick-walled |
Pachydorylaimus |
b |
Odontostyle thin-walled |
Qudsianema |
|
Subfamily Thorniinae De Coninck, 1965 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Males with large ventromedian supplements and small gubernaculum |
|
b |
Males without ventromedian supplements or gubernaculum |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Amphids stirrup-shaped, aperture as wide as fovea; spicules not
dorylaimoid, lateral guiding pieces absent |
|
b |
Amphids oval, aperture smaller than fovea; spicules
dorylaimoid with lateral guiding pieces |
Thorneella |
|
Subfamily Crateronematinae Siddiqi, 1969 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
Crateronema |
Subfamily Chrysonematinae Siddiqi, 1969 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Lips rounded; female tail long,
conoid; male tail short, convex-conoid |
Chrysonema |
b |
Lips knob-like; tail in both sexes elongate-conoid, ventrally-curved |
||
Subfamily Discolaiminae Siddiqi, 1969 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Lip region with cuticularized, shallow, bowl-like plates |
Mylodiscus |
b |
Lip region without cuticularized plates |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Lip region discoid |
|
b |
Lip region not discoid |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Lip region offset by an expansion |
|
b |
Lip region offset by a constriction |
4 |
|
4 |
a |
Female reproductive system diovarial, amphidelphic |
|
b |
Female reproductive system monovarial, opisthodelphic |
Latocephalus |
|
Subfamily Lordellonematinae Siddiqi, 1969 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Body pores indistinct; female reproductive system monovarial,
opisthodelphic |
Sicorinema |
b |
Body pores distinct; female reproductive system monovarial, prodelphic |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Ventral body pores only in esophageal region; tail elongate-conoid, bent
dorsally |
Poronemella |
b |
Ventral body pores along entire body; tail short-conoid, or subdigitate |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Odontostyle aperture > 1/2 its length; spicules non-dorylaimoid |
Moshajia |
b |
Odontostyle aperture < 1/2 its length; spicules dorylaimoid |
Lordellonema |
|
Subfamily Hulqinae Siddiqi, 1982 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Female reproductive system monovarial, opisthodelphic |
Hulqus |
b |
Female reproductive system diovarial, amphidelphic |
Mitoaxonchium |
|
Family Nordiidae Jairajpuri and Siddiqi, 1964 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Labial papillae rising above lip contour |
2 |
b |
Labial papillae not enlarged |
3 |
|
2 |
a |
Cuticle with longitudinal and horizontal lamelliform striations |
|
b |
Cuticle smooth, striations absent |
||
3 |
a |
Odontophore usually flanged |
|
b |
Odontophore not flanged |
4 |
|
4 |
a |
Body usually robust; odontostyle length 3-5 x lip region width |
|
b |
Body usually slender; odontostyle length < 2 x lip region width |
||
Subfamily Nordiinae Jairajpuri and Siddiqi, 1964 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Body robust; odontostyle length 3-5 x lip region width |
Longidorella/Saevadorella |
b |
Body slender; odontostyle length < 2 x lip region width |
Thornedia |
|
Subfamily Cephalodorylaiminae Jairajpuri, 1967 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Inner labial papillae setiform; female reproductive system diovarial,
amphidelphic |
Cephalodorylaimus |
b |
Inner labial papillae barely raised; female reproductive system
monovarial, prodelphic |
Acephalodorylaimus |
|
Subfamily Pungentiinae Siddiqi, 1969 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Tail short to elongate- |
2 |
b |
Tail long, |
6 |
|
2 |
a |
Odontostyle very long, > 50 µm |
Californidorus |
b |
Odontostyle shorter, < 50 µm |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Amphids labial |
|
b |
Amphids post-labial |
4 |
|
4 |
a |
Cuticle near vulva coarsely striated |
|
b |
Cuticle near vulva not striated |
5 |
|
5 |
a |
Cuticularized platelets around stoma |
|
b |
No cuticularized platelets around stoma |
||
6 |
a |
Odontostyle < 10 µm;
ventromedian supplements few and spaced |
Enchodorus |
b |
Odontostyle > 15 µm;
ventromedian supplements numerous and contiguous |
Lenonchium |
|
Subgenera of
Enchodelus
Thorne, 1939 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Tail hemispherical or bluntly |
2 |
b |
Tail short-conoid or elongate-conoid |
3 |
|
2 |
a |
Odontostyle fairly long; odontophore with broad basal flanges |
|
b |
Odontostyle short; odontophore without basal flanges |
Rotundus |
|
3 |
a |
Lip region not offset from body contour; female gonads with ovoid
chamber |
Heterodorus |
b |
Lip region distinctly offset from body contour; female gonads without
ovoid chamber |
4 |
|
4 |
a |
Odontostyle>50µm; odontophore with moderate basal flanges |
Nepalus |
b |
Odontostyle<50µm; odontophore rod-like |
Paraenchodelus |
|
Subfamily Helmabiinae Siddiqi, 1971 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
Helmabia |
Subfamily Actinolaimoidinae Jairajpuri and Ahmad, 1992 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Odontostyle very narrow; aperture indistinct |
2 |
b |
Odontostyle narrow; aperture distinct |
3 |
|
2 |
a |
Labial papillae prominent; projecting above lip contour |
Malekus |
b |
Labial papillae indistinct; not projecting above lip contour |
Oonaguntus |
|
3 |
a |
Lip region continuous; first pair of ventro-sub-lateral esophageal
glands close together |
Actinolaimoides |
b |
Lip region offset; first pair of ventro-sub-lateral esophageal glands
widely separated |
4 |
|
4 |
a |
Odontostyle usually < 2 lip widths long; well-developed glands at
esophago-intestinal junction |
Oriverutus |
b |
Odontostyle usually 3 lip widths long; no glands at esophago-intestinal
junction |
Pararoriverutus |
|
Superfamily Actinolaimoidea Thorne, 1939 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Female tail < 2x abd, conical or rounded; vestibule with basket-like
structures |
|
b |
Female tail >4x abd; vestibule without basket-like structures |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Vestibule with four massive onchia, with or without denticles |
|
b |
Vestibule without onchia but with corrugated ring and tranverse rows of
mural denticles |
||
Family Actinolaimidae Thorne, 1939 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Cuticle with longitudinal striations |
2 |
b |
Cuticle without longitudinal striations |
3 |
|
2 |
a |
Odontostyle massive, robust, aperture 1/2 its length |
|
b |
Odontostyle slender, 2-3 lip widths long; aperture about 1/3 its length |
||
3 |
a |
Vestibule with minute denticles |
|
b |
Vestibule without denticles |
||
Subfamily Actinolaiminae Thorne, 1939 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
|
Subfamily Neoactinolaiminae Thorne, 1967 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Vestibule with four onchia |
2 |
b |
Vestibule with six onchia |
||
2 |
a |
Onchia fused into a strong second spear guide |
|
b |
Onchia not fused |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Ventromedian supplements in 2-3
fascicles |
|
b |
Ventromedian supplements arranged in series |
||
Subfamily Paractinolaiminae Thorne, 1967 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
2 |
|
b |
Tail elongate-conoid to filiform in females, short conoid in males |
3 |
|
2 |
a |
Esophago-intestinal junction with prominent glands |
Trachactinolaimus |
b |
Esophago-intestinal junction without glands |
Dominicactinolaimus |
|
3 |
a |
Ventromedian supplements in series |
4 |
b |
Ventromedian supplements in fascicles |
||
4 |
a |
Vestibule with massive basket-like ribs |
Westindicus |
b |
Vestibule without ribs |
||
Subfamily Brittonematinae Thorne, 1967 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Lip region almost continuous with body; female tail long,
filiform; male
tail short, rounded |
|
b |
Lip region expanded; tail long,
filiform in both sexes |
Paractinocephalus |
|
Subgenera of Actinca
Andrassy, 1964 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Lip region narrow and high; vestibule ring weak |
|
b |
Lip region wide and low; vestibule ring well developed |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Body < 3 mm, odontostyle slender |
Stomachoglossa |
b |
Body > 3 mm, odontostyle robust |
Parastomachoglossa |
|
Family Trachypleurosidae Thorne, 1967 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
Trachypleurosum |
Family Carcharolaimidae Thorne, 1967 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Stoma narrowing behind guiding ring |
|
b |
Stoma not narrowing behind guiding ring |
||
Subfamily Carcharolaiminae Thorne, 1967 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Lip region offset; tail
conoid; curved ventrally |
2 |
b |
Lip region continuous; tail elongate, straight |
Brasilaimus |
|
2 |
a |
Lips angular, petaloid, bearing rods and plates |
Antholaimus |
b |
Lips not angular, without rods and plates |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Cephalic framework basket-like |
4 |
b |
Cephalic framework with two plates, posterior one shallow, bowl-like,
anterior small |
Mylodiscoides |
|
4 |
a |
Cephalic framework with strong onchia |
5 |
b |
Cephalic framework with ribs, denticles or small teeth |
||
5 |
a |
Six onchia |
Carcharoides |
b |
Four onchia |
Caryboca |
|
Subfamily Caribenematinae Thorne, 1967 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
Caribenema |
Superfamily Longidoroidea Thorne, 1935 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Guiding ring double; odontophore flanged |
|
b |
Guiding ring single; odontophore not flanged |
||
Family Longidoridae Thorne, 1935 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Amphids with stirrup-shaped
fovea |
|
b |
Amphids with pouch-like fovea |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Amphid apertures pore-like, inconspicuous |
|
b |
Amphid apertures slit-like |
Longidoroides |
|
Family Xiphinematidae Dalmasso, 1969 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Amphids stirrup-shaped with slit-like apertures; dorsal gland nucleus at
same level as dorsal gland opening |
|
b |
Amphids pouch-like with pore-like apertures; dorsal gland nucleus far
behind dorsal gland opening |
||
Subfamily Xiphinematinae Dalmasso, 1969 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
|
Subfamily Xiphidorinae Khan, Chawla and Saha, 1978 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
Xiphidorus |
Superfamily Belondiroidea Thorne, 1939 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
|
Family BelondiridaeThorne, 1939 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Cuticularized pieces around oral aperture; odontophore flanged |
|
b |
Cuticularized pieces absent around oral aperture; odontophore rod-like |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Female tail short; digitate,
conoid or rounded |
|
b |
Female tail long, |
||
Subfamily BelondirinaeThorne, 1939 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Female reproductive system diovarial, amphidelphic |
2 |
b |
Female reproductive system monovarial, opisthodelphic |
4 |
|
2 |
a |
Anterior of esophagus set off by constriction |
Anchobelondira |
b |
Anterior of esophagus not set off by constriction |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Lip region with 6 liplets; 2 ventromedian supplements |
Belondirella |
b |
Lip region without liplets, no ventromedian supplements |
Amphibelondira |
|
4 |
a |
Esophagus > 1/2 body length; vulva anterior to esophago-intestinal
junction |
Nimigula |
b |
Esophagus < ½ body length; vulva posterior to esophago-intestinal
junction |
5 |
|
5 |
a |
Anterior of esophagus set off by constriction or isthmus |
6 |
b |
Anterior part of esophagus continuous |
Belondira |
|
6 |
a |
Tail apically digitate |
|
b |
Tail apically hemispherical |
|
|
7 |
a |
Spicules very long, narrow, alate, without median pieces |
Phallaxonchium |
b |
Spicules massive, non-alate, with median pieces |
8 |
|
8 |
a |
Odontostyle narrow, > 2 lip widths long |
Heynsaxonchium |
b |
Odontostyle fusiform to cylindroid, < 2 lip widths long |
9 |
|
9 |
a |
Labial framework semi-sclerotized, cephalic papillae
mammiform, anterior
of esophagus non-muscular |
Axonchoides |
b |
Labial framework not sclerotized, cephalic papillae not mammiform,
anterior of esophagus muscular |
||
Subgenera of Axonchium Cobb,
1920 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Lip region not offset, bluntly conoid to hemispherical, lips amalgamated |
Syncheilaxonchium |
b |
Lip region offset |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
>100 lateral body pores, > 50 ventral body pores; 5-7 caudal pores in
female, 7-10 in male; spiral muscle sheath encircling posterior part of
esophagus |
Poraxonchium |
b |
Fewer lateral and ventral body pores; 1-2 caudal pores in female, up to
6 in male; muscle sheath with straight bundles encircling posterior part
of esophagus |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Vagina sclerotized |
4 |
b |
Vagina not sclerotized |
7 |
|
4 |
a |
Disk-like structure between body cuticle and vaginal sclerotization;
males with many contiguous supplements |
Discaxonchium |
b |
No disk-like structure between body cuticle and vaginal scerotization;
males with spaced supplements |
5 |
|
5 |
a |
Anterior part of esophagus separated by an isthmus; spicules arcuate;
ventromedian supplements regularly spaced |
6 |
b |
Anterior part of esophagus not separated by an isthmus; spicules
plow-shaped; ventromedian supplements poorly developed, in two groups |
Spiculaxonchium |
|
6 |
a |
Anterior part of esophagus slender, with fusiform section; male spicules
> 2x anal body diameter long |
Epaxonchium |
b |
Anterior part of esophagus muscular, without fusiform section; male
spicules smaller |
Metaxonchium |
|
7 |
a |
Vulva broad, longitudinally oval, vagina lumen wide |
Hypaxonchium |
b |
Vulva a transverse slit, vagina lumen narrow |
||
Subfamily Dorylaimellinae Jairajpuri, 1964 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
|
Subgenera of
Dorylaimellus
Cobb, 1913 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Female reproductive system monovarial |
2 |
b |
Female reproductive system diovarial, amphidelphic |
6 |
|
2 |
a |
Female reproductive system monovarial, prodelphic |
3 |
b |
Female reproductive system monovarial, opisthodelphic |
4 |
|
3 |
a |
Vulva a transverse slit |
Mesodorylaimellus |
b |
Vulva a longitudinal slit |
Ibadanus |
|
4 |
a |
Peri-oral disk present, odontostyle attenuated |
Sindellus |
b |
Peri-oral disk absent, odontostyle lumen distinct |
5 |
|
5 |
a |
Tail hemispherical or |
Metadorylaimellus |
b |
Tail long, attenuated |
Amazonema |
|
6 |
a |
Lip region continuous with body contour |
Capitellus |
b |
Lip region offset |
7 |
|
7 |
a |
Peri-oral disk present |
8 |
b |
Peri-oral disk absent |
10 |
|
8 |
a |
Vulva transverse |
Axodorylaimellus |
b |
Vulva pore-like or longitudinal |
9 |
|
9 |
a |
Vulva longitudinal; tail cylindroid or sub-cylindroid |
Belondorylaimellus |
b |
Vulva pore-like; tail elongate,
attenuated |
Jamilius |
|
10 |
a |
Vulva transverse |
Rashidanema |
b |
Vulva longitudinal |
11 |
|
11 |
a |
Tail terminus clavate |
Clavidorylaimellus |
b |
Tail terminus not clavate |
12 |
|
12 |
a |
Tail digitate or subdigitate |
|
b |
13 |
||
13 |
a |
Tail very long (c=8-16); spicules with abrupt ventral angle;
ventromedian supplements in pairs |
Elongidorylaimellus |
b |
Tail long (c=4-5); spicules dorylaimoid; ventromedian supplements in
pairs |
Filidorylaimellus |
|
Subfamily Swangeriinae Jairajpuri, 1964 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Tail similar in both sexes |
2 |
b |
Tail dissimilar in both sexes |
7 |
|
2 |
a |
Basket-like structure around oral aperture |
Swangeria |
b |
No basket-like structure around oral aperture |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Cephalic sclerotization |
Oxybelondira |
b |
No cephalic sclerotization |
4 |
|
4 |
a |
Odontostyle straight |
5 |
b |
Odontostyle asymmetrical |
6 |
|
5 |
a |
Body length < 2mm; female tail with lateral expansions; few ventromedian
supplements |
Falcihasta |
b |
Body length > 3mm; female tail without lateral expansions; numerous
ventromedian supplements |
Paraoxydirus |
|
6 |
a |
Odontostyle long, attenuated |
Qudsiella |
b |
Odontostyle short, not attenuated |
||
7 |
a |
Odontostyle narrow; weak labial basket present |
Lindseyus |
b |
Odontostyle fusiform; labial basket absent |
Roqueus |
|
Superfamily Tylencholaimoidea Filipjev, 1934 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Esophagus with 3 sections |
|
b |
Esophagus with 2 sections |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Odontostyle usually well developed; expanded part of esophagus about 1/2
esophagus length |
|
b |
Odontostyle slender; expanded part of esophagus short, cylindroid or
pyriform |
||
3 |
a |
Odontostyle asymmetrical, aperture distinct; esophageal bulb cylindroid |
|
b |
Odontostyle symmetrical, attenuated, often solid, needle-like;
esophageal bulb usually pyriform |
||
Family Tylencholaimidae Filipjev, 1934 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Amphids small, pouch-shaped, with oval aperture; odontostyle
asymmetrical |
|
b |
Amphids stirrup-shaped, with slit-like aperture; odontostyle symmetrical |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Odontostyle massive with very thick walls |
|
b |
Odontostyle not massive, walls not thick |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Odontostyle long, attenuated with narrow lumen and aperture |
|
b |
Odontostyle generally small, with distinct lumen and aperture;
odontophore usually knobbed |
||
Subfamily Tylencholaiminae Filipjev, 1934 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Amphid aperture small, pore-like |
Tantunema |
b |
Amphid aperture slit-like |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Odontophore with distinct basal knobs |
3 |
b |
Odontophore without basal knobs |
4 |
|
3 |
a |
Tail short-conoid or elongate-conoid |
Tylencholaimus |
b |
Tail long, |
Discomyctus |
|
4 |
a |
Odontostyle 2 lip-region widths long |
5 |
b |
Odontostyle 1 lip-region width long |
7 |
|
5 |
a |
Body length < 1 mm; odontostyle long and very thin; vulva transverse |
6 |
b |
Body length about 2 mm;
odontostyle long and robust; vulva longitudinal |
Chitwoodius |
|
6 |
a |
Female reproductive system monovarial, prodelphic |
Meylonema |
b |
Female reproductive system diovarial, amphidelphic |
Utahnema |
|
7 |
a |
Six sclerotized pieces around oral opening; labial disk absent; female
reproductive system diovarial, amphidelphic |
Sclerolaimus |
b |
Sclerotized pieces absent around oral opening; labial disk present;
female reproductive system monovarial, prodelphic |
||
Subgenera of Tylencholaimus De Man, 1876 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Labial disk present |
Disctylencholaimus |
b |
Labial disk absent |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Female reproductive system monovarial |
3 |
b |
Female reproductive system diovarial, amphidelphic |
6 |
|
3 |
a |
Female reproductive system prodelphic |
4 |
b |
Female reproductive system opisthodelphic |
Opisthotylencholaimus |
|
4 |
a |
Lip region offset by deep constriction; odontophore with distinct basal
knobs |
5 |
b |
Lip region offset by shallow depression; odontophore with very small
basal knobs |
Protylencholaimus |
|
5 |
a |
Tail short- |
|
b |
Tail elongate-conoid |
Leptotylencholaimus |
|
6 |
a |
Odontostyle long, strongly cuticularized, small aperture |
Pseudotylencholaimus |
b |
Odontostyle short, slender, with aperture 1/3 its length |
Amphitylencholaimus |
|
Subfamily Xiphinemellinae Jairajpuri, 1964 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Female reproductive system monovarial prodelphic; tail long, |
Loncharionema |
b |
Female reproductive system diovarial, amphidelphic; tail short, |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Labial disk present |
Xiphinemella |
b |
Labial disk absent |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Stoma sclerotized; odontophore flanged; vulva transverse |
Zalophidera |
b |
Stoma not sclerotized; odontophore without knobs or flanges; vulva
pore-like |
Kantbhala |
|
Subfamily Vanderlindiinae Siddiqi, 1969 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Odontostyle ventrally curved |
2 |
b |
Odontostyle straight |
3 |
|
2 |
a |
Odontostyle base furcate, two distinct parts of esophagus; vulva
transverse |
Curvidorylaimus |
b |
Odontostyle base not furcate, parts of esophagus not distinctly
demarcated; vulva circular |
Vanderlindia |
|
3 |
a |
Odontostyle aperture small; vulva transverse |
Metadorylaimus |
b |
Odontostyle aperture large; vulva longitudinal |
Neometadorylaimus |
|
Subfamily Mumtaziinae Andrassy, 1976 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Female reproductive system diovarial, amphidelphic; tail short, |
Promumtazium |
b |
Female reproductive system monovarial, opisthodelphic; tail long, |
Mumtazium |
|
Family Leptonchidae Thorne, 1935 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Cuticle heavily striated, both transversely and longitudinally forming a
lamelliform pattern; cephalic setae present |
|
b |
Cuticle finely striated; no longitudinal straie or cephalic setae |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Odontostyle asymmetrical; amphids strongly sclerotized |
|
b |
Odontostyle symmetrical; amphids not sclerotized |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Odontostyle solid, needle like, without distinct lumen |
|
b |
Odontostyle not solid, with distinct lumen |
4 |
|
4 |
a |
Odontophore with distinct knobs or flanges |
|
b |
Odontophore without distinct knobs, rarely flanged |
5 |
|
5 |
a |
Odontostyle slender; inner cuticle lining of esophageal bulb not
thickened |
|
b |
Odontostyle robust; inner cuticle lining of esophageal bulb distinctly
thickened |
||
Subfamily Leptonchinae Thorne, 1935 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Esophageal bulb offset by |
2 |
b |
Esophageal bulb not offset by constriction |
4 |
|
2 |
a |
Lip region distinctly offset; labial disk present; female reproductive
system diovarial; amphidelphic |
Meylis |
b |
Lip region slightly offset; labial disk absent; female reproductive
system monovarial; prodelphic |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Odontophore flanged; tail digitate-spicate |
Proleptonchoides |
b |
Odontophore not flanged; tail hemispherical or bluntly |
||
4 |
a |
Vulva longitudinal; esophageal bulb cylindroid |
|
b |
Vulva transverse or pore-like; esophageal bulb pyriform |
5 |
|
5 |
a |
Lip region continuous with body contour; stomal ring present |
Bertzuckermania |
b |
Lip region offset; stomal ring absent |
6 |
|
6 |
a |
Odontophore sclerotized, arcuate; vulva transverse |
|
b |
Odontophore sclerotized only at base, straight; vulva pore-like |
Apoleptonchus |
|
Subfamily Tyleptinae Jairajpuri, 1964 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Labial disk present; odontostyle attenuated, with narrow lumen and
aperture |
Caveonchus |
b |
Labial disk absent; odontostyle robust, with wide lumen and aperture |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Inner liplets around oral aperture; valvular chamber in esophageal bulb
distinctly thickened |
Tyleptus |
b |
Inner liplets absent around oral aperture; valvular chamber in
esophageal bulb indistinct |
Gymnotyleptus |
|
Subfamily Belonenchinae Jairajpuri, 1964 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Cuticle with punctations over entire body |
Punctoleptus |
b |
Cuticle without punctations |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Basal esophageal bulb pyriform with distinct, valvular thickenings |
3 |
b |
Basal esophageal bulb cylindrical, without valvular thickenings |
4 |
|
3 |
a |
Stoma heavily sclerotized at base; odontostyle long; odontophore
conspicuously flanged |
Sclerostylus |
b |
Stoma weakly sclerotized at base; odontostyle short; odontophore simple,
rod-like or weakly flanged |
||
4 |
a |
Labial disk present; odontophore with basal knobs |
Glochidorella |
b |
Labial disk absent; odontophore flanged |
Zetalaimus |
|
Subgenera of Basirotyleptus Jairajpuri, 1964 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Labial disk present |
Coronatyleptus |
b |
Labial disk absent |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Female reproductive system diovarial, amphidelphic |
Aculonchus |
b |
Female reproductive system monovarial |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Female reproductive system monovarial, prodelphic |
Trichonchium |
b |
Female reproductive system monovarial; opisthodelphic |
4 |
|
4 |
a |
Odontophore flanged |
Opisthotyleptus |
b |
Odontophore not flanged |
Basirotyleptus |
|
Subfamily Encholaiminae Golden and Murphy, 1967 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
Encholaimus |
Subfamily Athernematinae Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1978 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
Athernema |
Subfamily Tylencholaimellinae Jairajpuri, 1964 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Esophageal bulb not offset by constriction |
2 |
b |
Esophageal bulb offset by constriction |
4 |
|
2 |
a |
Tail long, |
Oostebrinkella |
b |
Tail short, rounded |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Odontophore with basal knobs, female reproductive system monovarial,
opisthodelphic |
Gerthus |
b |
Odontophore without basal knobs, female reproductive system diovarial,
amphidelphic |
Goferus |
|
4 |
a |
Odontostyle with accessory stiffening piece |
5 |
b |
Odontostyle without accessory stiffening piece |
6 |
|
5 |
a |
Accessory stiffening piece on dorsal side of odontostyle; female
reproductive system monovarial, opisthodelphic |
|
b |
Accessory stiffening piece on ventral side of odontostyle; female
reproductive system monovarial, prodelphic |
Dorella |
|
6 |
a |
Tail elongate |
Agmodorus |
b |
Tail short and rounded |
7 |
|
7 |
a |
Sclerotized pieces absent around oral aperture; female reproductive
system monovarial, opisthodelphic |
|
b |
Sclerotized pieces present around oral aperture; female reproductive
system diovarial, amphidelphic |
Phellonema |
|
Subgenera of Tylencholaimellus Cobb, 1915 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Labial disk present |
Coronatylencholaimellus |
b |
Labial disk absent |
||
Family Mydonomidae Thorne, 1964 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Odontophore straight, rod-like; guiding ring thick |
|
b |
Odontophore angular; guiding ring not thick |
||
Subamily Mydonominae Thorne, 1964 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Esophageal bulb enclosed in muscular sheath |
Mydonomus |
b |
Esophageal bulb not enclosed in muscular sheath |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Tail similar in both sexes |
|
b |
Tail dissimilar in both sexes |
Morasia |
|
Subgenera of Dorylaimoides Thorne and Swanger, 1936 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Female reproductive system diovarial, amphidelphic |
2 |
b |
Female reproductive system monovarial, opisthodelphic |
4 |
|
2 |
a |
Tail long, |
Longidorylaimoides |
b |
Tail not long and filiform |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Tail short,
conoid to hemispheroid |
|
b |
Tail subdigtate or bent dorsally |
Digidorylaimoides |
|
4 |
a |
Tail short, conoid or digitate |
Shamimonema |
b |
Tail elongate, conoid or long, |
5 |
|
5 |
a |
Tail elongate, conoid, ventrally arcuate |
Arcidorylaimoides |
b |
Tail elongate, conoid, bent dorsally or long, filiform |
Tarjania |
|
Subamily Calolaiminae Goseco, Ferris and Ferris, 1976 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Tail dissimilar in both sexes; odontophore strongly sclerotized |
Miranema |
b |
Tail similar in both sexes; odontophore not strongly sclerotized |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Odontostyle and guiding ring very thick; esophageal bulb long,
cylindroid |
Calolaimus |
b |
Odontostyle and guiding ring not very thick; esophageal bulb short,
pyriform |
Timmus |
|
Family Aulolaimoididae Jairajpuri, 1964 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Tail long and |
Aulolaimoides |
b |
Tail short and rounded |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Pharyngeal structures present; female reproductive system monovarial,
opisthodelphic |
Adenolaimus |
b |
Pharyngeal structures absent; female reproductive system diovarial,
amphidelphic |
Oostenbrinckia |
|
Suborder Nygolaimina Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1979 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Superfamily Nygolaimoidea Thorne, 1935 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Basal expanded part of esophagus enclosed in a thick sheath of spiral
muscles; female reproductive system monovarial,
opisthodelphic |
|
b |
Basal part of esophagus not enclosed in muscle sheath; female
reproductive system diovarial, amphidelphic |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Stoma sclerotized |
|
b |
Stoma not sclerotized |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Basal expanded part of esophagus about 1/2 esophagus length;
cardiac
glands present |
|
b |
Basal expanded part of esophagus about 2/3 esophagus length, bibulbar;
cardiac disk present |
||
Family Nygolaimidae Thorne, 1935 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Mural tooth deltoid to linear or dorylaimoid |
|
b |
Mural tooth solid or
acicular |
||
Subfamily Nygolaiminae Thorne, 1935 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Vulva longitudinal;
paravulvae usually present |
Paravulvus |
b |
Vulva transverse; paravulvae absent |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Tail elongate,
conoid, ventrally arcuate |
Afronygus |
b |
Tail short, convex-conoid, ventrally arcuate, hemispheroid or clavate |
3 |
|
3 |
a |
Tooth dorylaimoid |
Laevides |
b |
Tooth deltoid or linear |
4 |
|
4 |
a |
Lip region offset by constriction |
5 |
b |
Lip region usually continuous with body contour |
6 |
|
5 |
a |
Males without gubernaculum and with weakly-developed ventromedian
supplements |
|
b |
Males with gubernaculum and with well-developed ventromedian supplements |
Paranygolaimus |
|
6 |
a |
Tooth linear; body usually straight; tail convex-conoid to hemispherical |
Aquatides |
b |
Tooth deltoid to linear; body ventrally curved; tail hemispherical to
clavate |
Clavicaudoides |
|
Subfamily Solididentinae Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1982 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Body C- or S-shaped; lip region offset by constriction |
Solididens |
b |
Body almost straight; lip region continuous with body contour |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Tail short, bluntly rounded |
Feroxides |
b |
Tail long with clavate terminus |
Clavicauda |
|
Family Nygellidae Andrassy, 1958 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
|
Subfamily Nygellinae Andrassy, 1958 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
Nygellus |
Family Aetholaimidae Jairajpuri, 1965 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
|
Subfamily Aetholaiminae Jairajpuri, 1965 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
|
Family Nygolaimellidae |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Pharynx with rasp-like area of minute denticles |
|
b |
Pharynx without rasp-like area |
||
Subfamily Nygolaimellinae Clark, 1961 |
|||
|
|||
1 |
a |
Basal expanded part of esophagus bibulbular; cardiac disk present |
Nygolaimellus |
b |
Basal expanded part of esophagus simple; cardiac disk absent |
2 |
|
2 |
a |
Mural tooth dorylaimoid, long, with dorsal aperture |
Aporcelaimoides |
b |
Mural tooth small without dorsal aperture |
Scapidens |
|
Subfamily Nygolaimiinae Andrássy, 1976 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
Nygolaimium |
Suborder Campydorina Jairajpuri, 1983 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Superfamily Campydoroidea Thorne, 1935 |
|||
|
|||
|
|
|
Key
adapted from Jairajpuri, M.S. and Ahmad, W. 1992. Dorylaimida.
Free-living, Predaceous and Plant-parasitic Nematodes.
E.J. Brill,