Rev 10/17/2023
Tylenchida Tylenchina Tylenchoidea Heteroderidae Heteroderinae
Heterodera goettingiana Liebscher, 1892
A member of the Goettingiana group of Heterodera spp.
Synonyms:
General Characteristics of the Goettingiana Group of Heterodera
Cysts lemon-shaped Ambifenestrate Bullae absent or present Underbridge weak Vulval slit long J2 incisures 4 Dicotyledonous hosts
(Handoo and Subbotin, 2018; Subbotin et al., 2010, Subbotin et al. 2023)
Male:
Female:
Cyst:
Second-stage juvenile:
Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:
Europe, Soviet Union, and limited areas in the United States.
A-rated pests in California.
Feeding site establishment and development typical of genus.
Hosts of the Goettingiana group of Heterodera spp. are usually dicotyledonous plants.. Pea (3 species), bean (17 species), vetch, and a number of weeds.
Ecophysiological Parameters:
Development and basic biology are similar to those of other cyst-nematodes.
The first molt occurs in the egg.
Second-stage juveniles are the invasive stage, entering host plant roots and passing through three more molts to the adult stage.
Males emerge from the host roots, but females remain, rupturing the root cortex as they enlarge and often remaining partly buried in the root tissue, especially in the thick main roots of beans.
H. goettingiana is amphimictic, and there is some evidence for environmental influence on sex ratio. In pot tests on pea, Pi of 4 eggs/g soil resulted in a population that was 50% females; P of 359 eggs/g soil resulted in less than 1% females.
Reduced root growth, water stress, suppression of nitrogen-fixing nodules, yellow foliage.
Numerous authors give evidence for extreme persistence of the nematode in the absence of a host crop, with crop damage still occurring after breaks of 10-12 years.
Pea crop infested by Heterodera goettingiana; patches of stunted and chlorotic plants.
Photograph from Di Vito (1991)
Nematicides, crop rotation, and heat sterilization of soil used for pot experiments are effective.
Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:
CIH Descriptions of Plant-parasitic Nematodes, Set 4, No. 47 (1972)
Di Vito, M. 1991.The pea cyst nematode, Heterodera goettingiana. Nemtology Circ. 188, Florida Dept of Agriculture.
Handoo, Z.A., Subbotin, S.A. 2018. Taxonomy, identification and principal species. Chapter 15 in Perry, R.N. Moens, M., and Jones, J.T.(eds) Cyst Nematodes. CAB International.
Subbotin, S,A., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Baldwin, J.G. 2010. Systematics of Cyst Nematodes (Nematode: Heteroderinae). Nematology Monographs and Perspectives Volume 8B, D.J. Hunt and R.N. Perry (eds) Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands 512p
Subbotin, S.A., Roubtsova, T.V., Bostock, R.M., Maafi, Z.T., Chizhov, V.N., Palomares-Rius, J.E., Pablo Castillo, P. 2023. DNA barcoding, phylogeny and phylogeography of the cyst nematode species of the Schachtii group from the genus Heterodera (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae). Nematology (in press).