08/03/2020

      Tylenchida                                             
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Heteroderidae

          Verutinae Esser, 1981

Female

• Body elongate to reniform shape; not changing color after death

• Vulva uncommonly large, subequatorial; vulval lips protruberant

• No fenestration around vulva or anus

Male:

• Body not twisted posteriorly

Ref Wouts (1985), Subbotin et al. (2017).,

Genera:

Two genera:

• Bilobodera
• Verutus

References

Behrens, E. (1975) Globodera Skarbilovic, 1959, eine selbstindige Gattung in der Unterfamilie Heteroderinae Skarbilovic, 1947 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae). Vortragstagung zu
aktuellen Problemen der Phytonematologie am 29/5/1975 in Rostock. Manuskriptdruck der Vortrage. Rostock, 1975, pp.12-26.

Esser, R.P. (1981) Verutus volvingentis n.gen., n.sp. (Heteroderidae: Tylenchida) in Verutinae n. subfam, a phytoparasitic nematode infesting buttonweed in Florida. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 48,:220-240.

Luc, M., A. R. Maggenti, and R. Fortuner. 1988. A reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata). 9. The family Heteroderidae Filip’ev and Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941. Revue de Nématologie 11:159-176.

Sasser, J. N., and D. W. Freckman. 1987. A world perspecive on Nematology: the role of the society. Pp. 7-14 in J. A. Veech and D. W. Dickson (eds). Vistas on Nematology. Society of Nematologists, Hyattsville, MD.

Schacht, H. 1859. Über einige Feinde der Rübenfelder. Zeit. Ver. Rubenzuckerindustrie Zolluer. 9:175-179.

Schmitt, D. P. and H. Ferris. 1998. Pathogenicity and damage levels. Pp 239-265 in S. B. Sharma (Ed.). The Cyst Nematodes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. 452p.

Subbotin, S.A., A. Vierstraete, P. De Ley, J. Rowe, L. Waeyenberge, M. Moens and J.R. Vanfleteren. 2001. Phylogenetic Relationships within the Cyst-Forming Nematodes (Nematoda, Heteroderidae) Based on Analysis of Sequences from the ITS Regions of Ribosomal DNA .  Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 21:1-16.

Subbotin, S.A., Jerry Akanwari, Chau N. Nguyen, Ignacio Cid del Prado Vera, John J. Chitambar, Renato N. Inserra and Vladimir N. Chizhov. 2017. Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic relationships of cystoid nematodes of the family Heteroderidae (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Nematology 19:1065-1081.

Tanha Maafi, Z., Sturhan, D., Handoo, Z., Mor, M., Moens, M., Subbotin, S.A. 2007. Morphological and molecular studies on Heterodera sacchari, H. goldeni and H. leuceilyma (Nematoda: Heteroderidae). Nematology 9: 483-497.

Wouts, W.M. 1985. Phylogenetic classification of the family Heteroderidae (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Systematic Parasitology 7,295-328.

 

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