NEMATOLOGY 100 MID-TERM EXAM -- 1 1/2 HOURS NOVEMBER 4, 1987

  (10 points)    
1.   You are provided with nematodes extracted from a bermuda grass lawn 
     (Cynodon dactylon) at the Merced County Migrant Labor Camp near Atwater, 
     CA.  Place adult female plant-parasitic nematode of any species on a 
     microscope slide.
     Heat-kill the nematode with gentle heat before applying coverslip. Place 
     the slide on the compound microscope. Call the instructor for examination 
     of your nematode. If there is more than one nematode present in the 
     microscope field, indicate the specimen you wish to have examined. Do not 
     ask or expect the instructor to make the selection. Only the nematode that 
     you indicate initially will be considered. Select from the materials 
     provided to complete this task.
     You should not need to leave your bench position.
     Grading:  Plant-parasitic nematode, good condition -- 10 points
               Non-parasitic nematode, good condition   --  2 points
               Points off for damage or distortion of nematodes, dry slides, 
     etc.
   (10 points)
2.   Use the appropriate letter to label structures on the diagrams. Only label 
     each structure one time - on the figure in which it is most obvious.
a.  anus
b.  bursa/caudal alae
c.  esophageal glands
e.  esophageal lumen
f.  excretory pore
g.  gubernaculum
h.  intestine
i.  isthmus of the esophagus
j.  lip region
k.  median bulb
l.  nerve ring
m.  ovary
n.  procorpus
o.  spicules
p.  stylet
q.  stylet protractor muscles
r.  testis
s.  uterus
t.  vulva
  (10 points)
3.   List 6 diagnostic characteristics of the Phylum Nemata.
  (5 points)
4.  How many Orders are there in the Phylum Nemata? Name the Orders that contain
    plant parasites (according to Maggenti et al.)
  (15 points)
5.   (i) What are the functions of a plant root?
    (ii) List the ways in which plant roots may be damaged by, or respond to, 
         plant-parasitic nematodes.
  (15 points)                                                              
6.   Provide the following information for each of the nematodes listed.
     Answer by using the appropriate letter.
     (I)  Order:    a) Tylenchida; b) Dorylaimida
    (II)  Esophagus type:  a) butting; b) overlapping; c) dorylaimoid.
   (III)  Number of ovaries (female):  a) one; b) two; c) more than two.
    (IV)  Feeding habit in root (adult female):  a) endoparasite;    
          b) ectoparasite; c) semiendoparasite.
     (V)  Movement capability of adult female:  a) sedentary; b) migratory.
    (VI)  Egg deposition:  a) single; b) egg masses; c) in cysts.
   (VII)  Persistent stage in life cycle:  a) egg; b) L1; c) L2; d) L3; e) L4; 
          f) adult.
  (VIII)  Host range:  a) wide; b) narrow.  (narrow = restricted to 2 or 3 
          genera of host plants).
    (IX)  Economically important pest in California:  a) yes; b) no.
     (X)  A-rated pest in California:  a) yes; b) no.
     Hemicycliophora arenaria                  Radopholus similis
     (I) ____________________                  (I) ______________________
    (II) ____________________                 (II) ______________________
   (III) ____________________                (III) ______________________
    (IV) ____________________                 (IV) ______________________
     (V) ____________________                  (V) ______________________
    (VI) ____________________                 (VI) ______________________
   (VII) ____________________                (VII) ______________________
  (VIII) ____________________               (VIII) ______________________
    (IX) ____________________                 (IX) ______________________
     (X) ____________________                  (X) ______________________
     Pratylenchus vulnus                       Mesocriconema xenoplax
     (I) ____________________                  (I) ______________________
    (II) ____________________                 (II) ______________________
   (III) ____________________                (III) ______________________
    (IV) ____________________                 (IV) ______________________
     (V) ____________________                  (V) ______________________
    (VI) ____________________                 (VI) ______________________
   (VII) ____________________                (VII) ______________________
  (VIII) ____________________               (VIII) ______________________
    (IX) ____________________                 (IX) ______________________
     (X) ____________________                  (X) ______________________
     Xiphinema index                         			Hoplolaimus columbus
     (I) ____________________                  (I) ______________________
    (II) ____________________                 (II) ______________________
   (III) ____________________                (III) ______________________
    (IV) ____________________                 (IV) ______________________
     (V) ____________________                  (V) ______________________
    (VI) ____________________                 (VI) ______________________
   (VII) ____________________                (VII) ______________________
  (VIII) ____________________               (VIII) ______________________
    (IX) ____________________                 (IX) ______________________
     (X) ____________________                  (X) ______________________
      (15 points)
  7. a)  Sketch the anterior portion of 3 nematode genera which are vectors of 
         viruses.
     b)  Identify each genus drawn.
     c)  List the particle type and virus classification for each genus.
     d)  Discuss the location of the virus in the nematode and persistence or 
         transmission of the virus across various stages of the nematode life 
         cycle.
     e)  (I)  Name a nematode vectored virus disease in California.
        (II)  Name the vector.
       (III)  Name the plant host.
       (IV)  What group is the virus classified in?
      (10 points)
  8.  Describe the feeding process in Paratrichodorus minor(the stubby root 
      nematode).
      (10 points)
  9.  Describe the life cycle of Paratylenchus hamatus (the pin nematode), 
      indicate survival/persistent stages and discuss the nature and importance 
      of males.
 
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