Hylonema		Contents		Rev 09/05/2023
		Classification		Hosts
		Morphology and Anatomy		Life Cycle
Return to Hylonema Menu		Economic Importance		Damage
		Distribution		Management
Return to Heteroderidae Menu		Feeding		References
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Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Heteroderidae
          Ataloderinae

           Hylonema Luc, Taylor & Cadet, 1978

Type species of the genus: Hylonema ivorense Luc, Taylor & Cadet, 1978

    Synonyms:
      None.

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Cystoid nematodes in which the body wall of the female does not harden into a cyst.

 Female:

• No cyst stage. 
• Body long ovoid to globose with prominent neck and no terminal cone. 
• Cuticle thin and annulated only in anterior fore end; posteriorly thick, rugose, with non-oriented striae. No subcrystalline layer. 
• Vulva subterminal, on flattened posterior body end; vulva lips not protruding.  Underbridge present. 
• No phasmids. 
• No remnant of tail. 
• Eggs not retained in female body, but deposited individually in a gelatinous matrix. 

 Male:

• Body twisted. 
• Lateral field with four lines. 
• Spicules strong, nearly straight, less than 30�m long;
• Cloacal tubus short, nearly terminal. 
• No tail. 
• No caudal alae. 
• No phasmids. 

Juveniles:

•  Lateral field with three lines. 
• Esophageal glands filling body cavity. 
• Tail long, elongate with a very long, terminal, hyaline portion. 
• Phasmids punctiform, small. 

      [Ref: Luc, Maggenti & Fortuner, Rev. Nematol. 11(2):159-176 (1988).]

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Distribution:

Reported from Ivory Coast

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Economic Importance:

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Feeding:

Feeding site in root a nurse cell system: a single, giant cell with a single, giant nucleus.

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Hosts:

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Life Cycle:

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Damage:

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Management:

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References:

Ghaderi, R. 2019. An outline on distribution and hosts of the cystoid nematodes of Ataloderinae Wouts, 1973 and Meloidoderinae Golden, 1971. Zootaxa 4664:: 339�350 https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/

Luc, M., DP Taylor, P Cadet. 1978 escription of new tropical Heteroderidae, Hylonema ivorense n. gen., n. sp., and a new outlook on the family Heteroderidae (Nematoda : Tylenchida).  Revue de Nematologie 1:73-86.

Taylor, D.P., P Cadet. M. Luc. 1978 An unique host-parasite relationship between Hylonema ivorense .(Nematoda : Heteroderidae) and the roots of a tropical rainforest tree. Revue de Nematologie 1:99-108.

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Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: September 05, 2023.