Zeatylenchus

  

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Rev 11/04/2024

  Classification Hosts
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
Return to Zeatylenchus Menu Economic Importance Damage
Distribution Management
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Classification:

      Tylenchida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Anguinidae

          Zeatylenchus Zhao, Davies, Alexander & Riley, 2013

Type species of the genus: Zeatylenchus pittosporum Zhao, Davies, Alexander & Riley, 2013

The genus name does not imply an affiliation with plants of the genus Zea but rather to the country of the type locality, New Zealannd.

 

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Zeatylenchus differs from Ditylenchus in having a shorter female body length (0.45-0.65 vs 0.9-2.2 mm), adult lip region (offset and low vs continuous and high), tail terminus (terminus arcuate, offset on dorsal side, spicate vs pointed to mucronate), postvulval uterine sac length (1.0-1.5 times vs more than 3 times longer than vulval body diam.), plant symptoms induced (brown or yellow chlorotic spots vs swellings and deformations in aerial parts of plant).

 Zeatylenchus differs from Litylenchus in tail terminus (terminus arcuate, offset on dorsal side, spicate vs bluntly rounded or pointed, sometimes with mucro) and bursa length (adanal vs peloderan) (Subbotin and Ryss, 2024)

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  • Slender nematodes without sexual dimorphism.
  • Fine cuticular striation.
  • Head offset and narrower than body.
  • Stylet short, 7-10 µm with small, rounded knobs.
  • Esophageal bulb not muscular and with small valve.
  • Dorsal esophageal glands abutting to slightly overlapping intestine; subventral glands overlapping intestine ventrally.
  • Excretory pore anterior, at level of stylet knobs.
  • Female gonad monovarial, prodelphic with postuterine sac.
  • Male with slender spicules, simple gubernaculum and bursa extending from about 1 cloacal body diameter anterior to cloaca to a similar distance posterior.
  • Tail conoid with short pointed terminus.

(Zhao et al., 2013)

  • Female body 0.45-0.65 mm, almost straight, slender to semi-obese.
  • Lip region offset and low, cephalic framework moderately sclerotised.
  • Lateral field with 3 incisures
  • Median bulb muscular or non-muscular, with weak valve; basal bulb offset from intestine and compact or irregular, slightly overlapping intestine. Secretory-excretory pore at stylet knob or isthmus level.
  • Monodelphic, ovary straight, without flexures, its posterior part with one row of oocytes. Spermatheca elongate. Crustaformeria in form of quadricolumella, four rows of four cells each.
  • Vulva a transverse slit, vagina perpendicular to ventral body wall. Post-vulval uterine sac 1.0-1.5 times longer than vulval body diam.
  •  Female tail conical, terminus arcuate, offset on dorsal side, spicate.

(Subbotin and Ryss, 2024)

Male:

  •  bursa adanal, not reaching tail tip.
  • Sperms amoeboid. Parasites of leaves of higher plants, causing brown or yellow chlorotic spots. Infective stages are juveniles and adult females. No data about associations with insects and fungi. Distributed in temperate and tropical regions

Body size range for the species of this genus in the database - Click:
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Distribution:

Recovered from the leaves of Pittosporum tenuifolium fron the North Island of New Zealand. 

Distributed in temperate and tropical regions.

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Economic Importance:

 

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Feeding:

Parasites of leaves of higher plants, causing brown or yellow chlorotic spots. Infective stages are juveniles and adult females.

No data about associations with insects and fungi.

Feeding endoparasitically in the mesophyll of leaves without forming galls.    

Nematodes did not form galls in the leaves (Zhao et al., 2013).

 

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Hosts:
For an extensive host range list for this genus, click
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Life Cycle:

Has only been recovered from leaf tissue and has not been found in soil under the host plant.

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this genus, click 
 
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Damage:

Non-specific brown ot yellow chlorotic spots on the leves of Pittosporum (Zhao et al., 2013).

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Management:

 

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References:

Subbotin, S.A. and Ryss, A.Y. 2024. Revision of the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936: Ditylenchoides gen. n. and Paraditylenchus gen. n. (Nematoda: Anguinoidea). Russian Journal of Nematology, 32: 91-102

Zhao, Z.Q., Davies, K.A., Alexander, B.J.R., Riley, I.T. 2013. Zeatylenchus pittosporum gen. n. , sp. n. (Tylenchida: Anguinata), from leaves of Pittosporum tenuifolium (Pittosporaceae) in New Zealand. Nematology 15:197-212.

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Copyright © 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: November 04, 2024.