Bitylenchus

  

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Rev 09/12/2023

  Classification Hosts
Morphology and Anatomy Life Cycle
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Distribution Management
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Classification:
Rhabditida
       Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
           Telotylenchidae
             Telotylenchinae

          Bitylenchus Filipjev, 1934
   

Type species of the genus: Bitylenchus dubius (Buetschli, 1873) Filipjev, 1934

Synonyms:

Tylenchus

     Sometimes considered a synonym of Tylenchorhynchus

Fortuner and Luc (1987) synonymized Bitylenchus with Tylenchoryhynchus but Gomez-Barcina et al (1992) and Siddiqi (2000) and Andrassy (2007) considered it a valid genus. Also, Handoo et al. (2014) and Hosseinvand et al. (2020), using molecular analyses, consider it a valid taxon (Shokoohi, 2021).

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Morphology and Anatomy:

.
  • Head offset from body contour; striated with lateral indentations. 
  • Outer bands of lateral field areolated
  • Stylet medium length, knobs rounded
  • Postcorpus of esophagus somewhat offset
  • Intestine with large extension into caudal region

Female:

  • Didelphic, amphidelphic; ovaries outstretched
  • Female with cylindroid tail

Male

  • Spicules flanged distally; gubernaculum large and protrusible.
  • Bursa enveloping tail

[Ref: Andrassy, 2007; Gomez-Barcina et al., 1992]

The genus Bitylenchus is considered to differ from Tylenchorhynchus on the basis of:

  • areolated outer bands in the lateral fields
  •  a large postanal intestinal sac containing intestinal granules and fasciculi
  •  more thickening of the cuticle at the female tail tip
  • gubernaculum lacking a crest

Ref: Handoo et al., 2014; Shokoohi, 2021.
Body size range for the species of this genus in the database - Click:
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Distribution:

 

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Economic Importance:

 

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Feeding:
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Hosts:
For an extensive host range list for this genus, click
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Life Cycle:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this genus, click 
 
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Damage:

 

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Management:

 

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References:

Andrassy, I. 2007. Free-living Nematodes of Hungary II.  Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 496p.

Geraert, E. 2011. The Dolichodoridae of the world, identification of the family Dolichodoridae (Nematoda: Tylenchida), Academia Press, Ghent, p. 520.

Handoo, Z. A., Palomares-Rius, J. E., CantalapiedraNavarrete, C., Li�banas, G., Subbotin, S. A. and Castillo, P. 2014. Integrative taxonomy of the stunt nematodes of the genera Bitylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda, Telotylenchidae) with description of two new species and a molecular phylogeny. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172:231�64, available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj12175

Hosseinvand, M., Eskandari, A., Ganjkhanloo, S., Ghaderi, R., Castillo, P. and Palomares-Rius, J. E. 2020. Taxonomical considerations and molecular phylogeny of the closely related genera Bitylenchus, Sauertylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda: Telotylenchinae), with one new and four known species from Iran. Journal of Helminthology 94:1-25. doi. org/10.1017/S0022149X20000784.

Shokoohi, E. 2021. First report of Bitylenchus ventrosignatus (Tobar Jimenez, 1969) Siddiqi, 1986 associated with wild grass in Botswana. J. Nematology 53: | DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-037

Siddiqi, M. R. 1986. Tylenchida: parasites of plants and insects, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, London, p. 645

Tobar Jimenez, A. 1969. Descripci�n del Tylenchorhynchus ventrosignatus sp. nov. (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Revista Ib�rica de Parasitologia 29: 399�403.

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Copyright 1999 by Howard Ferris.
Revised: September 12, 2023.