Paravulvus rhodopensis

Paravulvus rhodopensis	Contents	Rev 02/21/2024
	Classification	Biology and Ecology
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Paravulvus Menu		Ecosystem Functions and Services
	Distribution	Management
Return to Nygolaimidae Menu	Feeding	References
	Go to Nemaplex Main Menu	Go to Dictionary of Terminology

Classification:

Enoplea

Dorylaimia
Dorylaimida

Nygolaimina

Nygolaimoidea

Nygolaimidae

Paravulvus rhodopensis Lazarova, Peneva & Loof, 2002

Morphology and Anatomy:

Body ventrally curved when heat relaxed, more so in posterior part.
Cuticle relatively thick, 1-2 um at postlabial region; 1-3 um ventrally and 2-4 um dorsally along the body, and 3-4 um in post-anal region. Cuticle and sub- cuticle with Ã‚Å½ no transverse striae, more clearly visible on anterior and tail region.
Lateral Ã‚Å½ field ca 50% corresponding body diameter measured at vulva region.
Lateral pores obscure.
Lip region slightly expanded, offset by a depression; lips rounded with elevated labial papillae.
Amphid aperture about half of diameter of lip region (6-7 um).
Mural tooth deltoid.
Expanded part of pharynx occupying ca 50%, widening at 50.5-51% and attaining full width at 55%.
Pharyngeal glands distinct and positioned (n D 2), following the schemes of Loof and Coomans (1970): DO: 62-63%; DN: 70-71%; DO-DN: 7.3-7.4%; S1N1: 79- 80%; S1N2: 81-82%; S1N1-S1N2: 0.5-2.4%; S2N: 88-89% D D DN; AS1: 31-32%; AS2: 35- 39%; PS1 D PS2: 60-65%.
Basal enlarged part of pharynx differentiated into two parts of different texture, posterior part having a much coarser granular appearance.
Nerve ring surrounding anterior part of pharynx at level of hemizonid.
Cardiac region weakly developed. Cardiac glands ovoid, measuring 13-18:5 x 9-11 um. Two glandular organs stretched backward, lying subdorsally or ventrally, varying in length (37-94 um), 0.9 to 1.8 times corresponding body diameter.

Female:

Genital system and vulva typical for genus. Vagina extending to approximately half of corresponding body diameter. Pars distalis very short, pars refringens consists of three drop-shaped sclerotisations, l 4-6 um, w 6 um, pars proximalis 11-16 um
Ovaries reÃ‚Âflexed with oocytes arranged in rows in growth zone. Moderately developed sphincter between uterus and oviduct present.
Uteri about 2.0-2.3 vulval body diameters long, slightly differentiated; distal part notably enlarged and proximal part with thick walls and depression at vagina level.
Sperm cells numer ous, present throughout uterus, particularly in distal part and in pars dilatata of oviduct.
Two to three paravulvae posterior to vulva present: at 19 Ã‚Â¹um from vulva at 23-29 um and at 31-38 um.
Egg measuring 109 x 38 um.
Prerectum length equal to 2.4 to 2.8 times anal body diameter; rectum 0.9 to 1.1 times anal body diameter. A post-anal papilla observed especially clearly on one specimen.
Tail bluntly coni- cal, rounded, dorsally convex, ventrally concave; termi nus with long hyaline part (7-10 um); two pairs of caudal pores.

Male:

Similar to female in habitus, anterior region (head and tooth), cuticle thickness, nerve ring position, cardiac region and tail shape.
Spicules robust, curved ventrally, widening at median part. Lateral guiding pieces with asymmetrical proximal part.
Gubernaculum slender, slightly curved.
Ventromedian supplements 11 to 14, contiguous, preceded by an adanal pair.
Tail shorter than in female with hyaline part 3-7 um thick.

Ref: Lazarova, Peneva & Loof, 2002

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

Distribution:

Described from Bulgaria. The species name is derived from the name of the Rhodope Mountains where it was collected from mineral soil and moss in a forest.

Feeding:

Classified as predators (Yeates et al., 1993)

Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click	If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

Ecosystem Functions and Services:

Predatory regulation of opportunistic species.

References:

Andrassy, I. 2009. Free-living Nematodes of Hungary III. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 608p.

Heyns, J. 1968. A monographic study of the nematode families Nygolaimidae and Nygolaimellidae. Entomology Memoirs. Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Union of South Africa 1968 No.19 144 pp.

Lazarova, S., Peneva V., Loof, P.A.A. 2002. Paravulvus rhodopensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Nygolaimidae) and three known species from Bulgaria, with notes on the taxonomy of the genus. Nematology 4:505-520.

Yeates, G.W., T. Bongers, R. G. M. De Goede, D. W. Freckman, and S. S. Georgieva. 1993. Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera—An outline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology 25:315-331.

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