Paraxonchium carmenae

Paraxonchium carmenae	Contents	Rev 02/21/2024
	Classification	Biology and Ecology
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Paraxonchium Menu		Ecosystem Functions and Services
	Distribution	Management
Return to Paraxonchiidae Menu	Feeding	References
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Paraxonchiinae

Paraxonchium carmenae Pena-Santiago & Jimenez-Milan, 1986

Synonyms:

Morphology and Anatomy:

Moderately slender nematodes, body length 1.49-2.54 mm.
Body cylindrical, tapering towards both extremities; lip region very narrow.
Cuticle dorylaimid, almost smooth but eith fine transverse striation under SEM, three-layered, with intermediate layer thickest
Lateral chord occupying 19-23% of maximum body diam. Body pores conspicuous, especially the lateral and the ventral.
Lip region rounded, offset, very narrow, l12-15% of body diam. at neck base,
Iinner and outer labial papillae button-like, protruding on lip surface; cephalic papillae less prominent
Oral aperture slightly elliptical.
Amphid fovea cup-like with a wide elliptical aperture, 50-60% of lip region diam.
Cheilostom with thin walls, lacking any differentiation.
Odontostyle comparatively strong, 4.5-5.3 times as long as wide, 1.2-1.4 times longer than lip region diam. and 0.57-0.69% of total body length, aperture 48-59% of its length.
Guiding ring very weak, plicate.
Odontophore rod-like, simple, 1.4-1.6 times the odontostyle length.
Pharynx entirely muscular, gradually enlarging into the basal expansion 2.5-3.4 times longer than body diam. at neck base, and occupies 41-51% of neck length
Cardia rounded conoid, with obscure gland cells.

Female:

Diovarial, amphidelphic, with equally-developed branches
Poorly differentiated proximal pars dilatata, usually with a few sperm cells inside.
Uterus a simple tube-like structure, 1.3-2.4 body diam. long, often containing abundant sperm cells.
Vagina extending inwards 44-52% of mid-body diam., pars proximalis 31-36 Ã— 19-27 um, enveloped by moderately-developed circular musculature, pars refringens with two trapezoidal sclerotized pieces pars distalis very short,
Vulva a transverse slit,
Anus a transverse, somewhat arcuate slit with prominent lips, especially the posterior one.
Tail conical with rounded tip,
Caudal pores two pairs at the middle of tail, one almost dorsal, another lateral.

Male:

Diorchic with opposite testes.
Ventromedian supplements: an adcloacal pair,and a series of 15-20, quite regularly
Spicules dorylaimid, 5.2-6.1 times as long as wide, 1.5-1.6 body diam. long; Lateral guiding pieces 4.5 times as long as wide, slightly fusiform and with slender walls.
Caudal region similar to that of female, hyaline portion 26-31% of the tail length; caudal pores two pairs, at the middle of tail, one almost dorsal, another lateral.

Ref: Pena-Santiago et al (2023)

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click	If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

Ecosystem Functions and Services:

References:

Andrassy, I. 2009. Free-living Nematodes of Hungary III. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 608.

Heyns, J. 1988. Redescription of Paraxonchium laetificans (Andrassy, 1956) and P. monohystera (Brzeski, 1964) (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Nematologica

Ilieva, Z.I., Iliev, I.L., Georgieva, V.G. 2017. New Data on Nematodes of the Families Aporcelaimidae, Paraxonchidae, Qudsianematidae and Dorylaimidae Based on Examinations of a Raspberry Plantation in Bulgaria. Acta zool. bulgarica., 69: 171-192.

Krall, E. 1958. Paraxonchium striatum gen. n., sp. n.(Nematoda, Belondiridae): a new free-living soil nematode from Estonia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised.