Batwanema		Contents		Rev 09/30/2026
		Classification		Biology and Ecology
		Morphology and Anatomy		Life Cycle
Return to Batwanema Menu				Ecosystem Functions and Services
		Distribution		Management
Return to Hystrignathidae Menu		Feeding		References
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Classification:

Chromadoria

Batwanema Morffe & Garcia 2013

Type species of the genus: Batwanema congo Morffe & Garcia 2013

Synonyms:

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Based on description of females of type species:

• Cervical cuticle armed with wide, scale-like projections, arranged initially in rows of eight elements. Scales divide gradually, forming pointed spines toward the end of the spiny region.

• Lateral alae present.

• Head bearing eight rounded, paired papillae. Two short, not prominent cephalic annuli next to head, the second slightly longer and wider than the first.

• Esophagus with procorpus clavate, its base set-off from the isthmus. Excretory pore post-bulbar.

• Tail subulate.

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Distribution:

Type species described from passalid beetles Pentalobus barbatus in Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of Congo.

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Feeding:

Food Sources and Feeding strategies for the genus Batwanema

 Intestinal parasites, caecum of passalid beetles (Coleoptera).

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Biology and Ecology:

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Life Cycle:

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Ecosystem Functions and Services:

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Management:

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References:

Morffe, J., Garcia, N. 2013. Batwanema gen. n. and Chokwenema gen. n. (Oxyurida, Hystrignathidae), new nematode genera as parasites of Passalidae (Coleoptera) from the Democratic Republic of Congo. ZooKeys 361:1-13.

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Revised by Howard Ferris: September 30, 2026.