Phylum Nematoda
Rev. 02/26/2024
Class Chromadorea
1. pore-like or slit-like amphid apertures vary from labial pores or slits to post-labial elaborate coils and spirals.
2. cuticle usually annulated, sometimes ornamented with projections and setae.
3. phasmids present or absent, generally posterior.
4. esophagus usually divided into bulbs, with 3 to 5 esophageal glands.
5. excretory system glandular or tubular.
6. female with one or two ovaries.
7. caudal alae present or absent.
Sub-class Chromadoria
Order: 1. Rhabditida (from Greek - rhabdos, a stick, for shape of buccal cavity)
Sub-order Rhabditina - microbivores in soil; vertebrate and invertebrate parasites.
males with delicate rays in caudal alae.
Rhabditis, Caenorhabditis, Cephalobus,
Steinernema, Heterorhabditis, Acrobeles.
Superfamily 1: Bunonematoidea - bacterial feeders
Superfamily 2: Cylindorcorporoidea
Superfamily 3: Odontopharyngoidea - very muscular metacorpus and structured, glandular postcorpus.
Odontopharynx.
Superfamily 4: Diplogastroidea - movable stomal armature; 3-part esophagus with muscular, usually valved metacorpus and glandular postcorpus;
microbivores, insect parasites, predators, omnivores.
Superfamily 5: Mesorhabditoidea - bacterial feeders
Superfamily 6: Rhabditoidea - bacteria feeders
Superfamily 7: Strongyloidea
adults are vertebrate parasites; juveniles feed on bacteria or are parasites of annelids/molluscs.
males with prominent rays in lobed caudal alae.
Ancylostoma (hookworm), Enterobius (pin worm)
Sub-order Tylenchina -
Superfamily 1: Aphelenchoidea -early plant parasites? Al have movable hollow stylet. Hosts are Gymnosperms, ferns, ornamentals/nursery, fungi, insects.
males with 6 rays in caudal alae and "rose-thorn" -shaped spicules.
Superfamily 2: Tylenchoidea - all have movable hollow stylet. Parasites of Angiosperms, (monocotyledons and dicotyledons), fungi.
males with at most 1 ray in caudal alae, blade-shaped spicule.
Superfamily 3: Sphaerularioidea
Superfamily 4: Panagrolaimoidea - bacterial feeders
Superfamily 5: Strongyloidoidea
Superfamily 6: Cephaloboidea - bacterial feeders
Superfamily 7: Criconematoidea - all have movable hollow stylet. Parasites of plants
Superfaimy 8: Myenchoidea
Superfamily 9: Drilonematoidea - parasites of annelids and molluscs.
Sub-order Myolaimina
Superfamily 1: Myolaimoidea
Sub-order Spirurina - wine-bottle esophagus, no valves, all animal parasites.
Superfamily 1: Dracunculoidea - Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm).
Superfamily 2(morphotype): Gnathostomatomorpha
Superfamily 3: Rhigonematoidea
Superfamily 4: Thelastomatoidea
Superfamily 5: Oxyuroidea
Superfamily 6: Ransomnematoidea
Superfamily 7: Camallanoidea - parasites of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates, with copepods as obligatory secondary host.
Superfamily 8: Physalopteroidea
Superfamily 9: Rictularioidea
Superfamily 10: Thelazioidea
Superfamily 11: Spiruroidea
Superfamily 12: Habronematoidea
Superfamily 13: Acuarioidea
Superfamily 14: Filarioidea - parasites of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates. Stoma has a hook. Large nematodes.
Wuchereria bancrofti (elephantiasis),
Onchocerca volvulus (river blindness),
Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm).
Superfamily 15: Aproctoidea
Superfamily 16: Diplotraenoidea
Superfamily 17: Ascaridoidea
Superfamily 18: Cosmocercoidea
Superfamily 19: Heterakoidea - intestinal parasites of vertebrates. mainly minor parasites of birds and fish and <2cm long, except in scaris.
Ascaris, Toxocara canis (dog ascarid), Anisakis.
Superfamily 20: Subuluroidea
Superfamily 21: Seuratoidea
Order 2. Plectida
Sub-order Plectina
Superfamily 1: Leptoplaimoidea
Superfamily 2: Plectoidea
Superfamily 3: Ceramonematoidea
Superfamily 4: Haliplectoidea
Order 3. Araeolaimida - simple spiral or "shepherd's crook" amphid apertures, marine or brackish water.
Sub-order Araeolaimina
Superfamily 1: Araeolaimoidea
Order 4. Monhysterida - amphid apertures spiral to circular. Funnel-shaped stoma, some have protrusible teeth. Generally with a
single gonad. Marine, brackish, freshwater, soil habitats.
Sub-order Monhysterina
Superfamily 1: Monhysteroidea
Superfamily 2: Sphaerolaimoidea
Sub-order Linhomoeina
Superfamily 1: Siphonolaimoidea
Order 5. Desmodorida - amphid apertures are loops and spirals. Setae along body. Mainly marine, some in brackish and freshwater.
Sub-order Desmodorina
Superfamily 1: Desmodoroidea
Superfamily 2: Microlaimoidea
Order 6. Desmoscolecida Heavily ornamented and annulated cuticle.Somatic setae along body.
Typically marine, some freshwater and soil.
Sub-order Desmoscolecina
Superfamily Desmoscolecoidea
Order 7. Chromadorida spiral amphids - marine, freshwater, soil.
Sub-order Chromadorina
Superfamily Chromadoroidea