Sauertylenchus maximus

Sauertylenchus maximus also considered Bitylenchus maximus	Contents	Rev 09/06/2023
Stunt Nematode	Classification	Hosts
	Morphology and Anatomy	Life Cycle
Return to Sauertylenchus Menu	Economic Importance	Damage
	Distribution	Management
Return to Telotylenchidae Menu	Feeding	References
	Go to Nemaplex Main Menu	Go to Dictionary of Terminology

Classification:

Rhabditida Tylenchina Tylenchoidea
Telotylenchidae
Telotylenchinae

Sauertylenchus maximus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 2000

Bitylenchus maximus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 2000

Note: Through molecular analyses, Azizi et al (2022) concluded that both Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus should be seen as valid Telotylenchinae genera related to, but distinct from, Tylenchorhynchus.

Synonyms:

Tylenchorhynchus maximus Allen 1955

Bitylenchus maximus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1986

Sauertylenchus ibericus (per Hosseinvand et al., 2022)

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Morphology and Anatomy:

Female:

about 1mm long, ventrally curved
lateral field with 4 incisures; about 30% of body diam with areolation thorughuout its length
lip region high with 4-6 annuli, not offset or offset by a slight depression
stylet slender, knobs slope backwards
metacorpus well developed with distinct valve
excretory pore at level of pyriform basal bulb
didelphic-amphidelphic
vulva a transverse slit
speramtheca indistinct
tail cylindrical, curved vetrally to a striated rounded terminus

Male:

Unknown

Ref: Hosseinvand et al., 2022)

See genus description for general configuration.

Reported median body size for this species (Length mm; width micrometers; weight micrograms) - Click:

Sauertylenchus maximus specimens extracted from soil samples from Arlington National Cemetery were preserved in a 3% formaldehyde and 2% glycerin solution for over 20 years. Molecular analyses of the fixed specimens were performed using internal transcribed spacer, D2ï¿½D2 expansion segments of 28S large subunits, and 18S small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. This study appears to represents the first report of a successful DNA extraction from fixed nematode specimens (Kantor et al., 2022)..

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Distribution:

Reported from many regions of the world, Europe, USA, Turkey, Bulgaria

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Economic Importance:

C-rated pest in California USA per CDFA.

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Feeding:

Migratory ectoparasite of plant roots, feeding primarily on root epidermal cells.

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Hosts:

Pasture grasses, orchards, ornamental plants, cerals, vegetables (Yildiz et al., 2012).

For an extensive host range list for this species, click

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Life Cycle:

Ecophysiological Parameters:

For Ecophysiological Parameters for this species, click	If species level data are not available, click for genus level parameters

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Damage:

Bitylenchus maximus been reported to cause damage to corn in North Carolina, USA (Barker, 1974).. Generally, the damage potential to crop yields is probably fairly low unless the nematode is in high abundance and/or is in combination with other stressors.

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Management:

Host Plant Resistance, Non-hosts and Crop Rotation alternatives:

For plants reported to have some level of resistance to this species, click

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References:

Azizi, K., Eskandari, A., Karegar, A., Ghaderi, R., Elsen, S.V.D., Holterman, M. and Helder, J., 2022. Analyses of morphological and molecular characteristics of Telotylenchinae from Iran point at the validity of the genera Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus. Zootaxa, 5169(5), pp.425-446.

Barker, K.R. 1974. Influence of geographic area and previous crop on occurrence and densities of plantparasitic nematodes in North Carolina. Plant Disease Reporter 58: 991-99

Gomez-Barcina, A., Siddiqi, M.R. and Castillo, P., 1992. The genus Bitylenchus Filipjev, 1934 (Nematoda: Tylenchida) with descriptions of two new species from Spain. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 59:96-119.

Hosseinvand M, Eskandari A, Ganjkhanloo S, Ghaderi R, Castillo P, Palomares-Rius JE 2020. Taxonomical considerations and molecular phylogeny of the closely related genera Bitylenchus, Sauertylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus (Nematoda: Telotylenchinae), with one new and four known species from Iran. Journal of Helminthology 94, e197, 1ï¿½25. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S0022149X20000784

Kantor, M.R. Vieira, P., Skantar, A.M., Huse, G., Handoo, Z.A.. 2022. Morphological Characterization of Fresh and 20-Yr-Old Fixed Nematode Specimens of Sauertylenchus maximus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 2000 Deposited in the USDA Nematode Collection from Arlington National Cemetery, VA, USA. J. Nematology 54:r | DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2022-0041

Yildiz, S., Handoo, Z., Carta, L, Skantar, A., Chitwood, D.. 2012.The Stunt Nematode Sauertylenchus maximus (Allen) Siddiqi (Tylenchida) in Pastures of Bingol Province, Turkey. J. Inst. Sci and Tech 2:17-28.