Family Hoplolaimidae

                                 Revised 01/15/26

Classification:

Phylum Nematoda

  Class Chromadorea

    Subclass Chromadoria

                    Rhabditida
                   Tylenchina
                    Tylenchoidea

                 Hoplolaimidae Filip'ev, 1934
   

Synonyms:
      Nemonchidae Skarbilovich, 1959

      Aphasmatylenchidae Sher, 1965
      Rotylenchulidae Husain & Khan, 1965
      Pararotylenchidae Baldwin & Bell, 198
      Interrotylenchidae Eroshenko, 1984

Morphology and Anatomy:

• Female vermiform to kidney-shaped. 
• Lip region higher than 0.5 the diameter of the basal lip annulus, with rounded or trapezoidal outline in
        lateral view. 
• Lateral field generally with four lines. 
• Phasmids generally located anterior to anus, rarely on the tail (except in the case of Scutellonema). 
• Tail two anal body diameters long or less, generally curved dorsally, sometimes
        hemispherical. 
• Deirids absent. 
• Stylet strong, 2.5-3 times longer than the diameter of the basal lip annulus. 
• Esophageal glands overlapping the anterior intestine (exception: Pararotylenchus). 
• Females with two genital branches, posterior branch may be reduced to post-uterine sac. 
• Columned uterus with three rows of four cells. 
• Eggs laid in a gelatinous matrix in Rotylenchulinae. 
• Males may show sexual dimorphism in some taxa with feeding apparatus non-functional. 
• Caudal alae of male leptoderan. 
• Gubernaculum with titillae. 
• Obligate higher plant parasites with a migratory ecto-endoparasitic habit, sometimes semi-endo-sedentary parasites.

[Ref: Fortuner, Rev. Nematol.  10(2):219-232 (1987), and H. Ferris.]

Three subfamilies are considered:

• Hoplolaiminae Filipjev, 1934
• Rotylenchulinae Hussain & Khan, 1977
• Pararotylenchinae Baldwin & Bell, 1981

    Go To Dictionary of Terminology 

References

Fortuner, Rev. Nematol.  10(2):219-232 (1987)

Holguin, C.M., J.A. Baeza. J.D. Mueller and P. Agudelo. 2015.  High genetic diversity and geographic subdivision of three lance nematode species (Hoplolaimus spp.) in the United States. Ecology and Evolution (2015) 2929-2944.

Raski, D.J. and Luc, M. 1987. A reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nematoda) 10. The superfamily Criconematoidea Taylor, 1936. Revue de Nematologie 10:409-444.

Sher, S.A. 1963. Revision of the Hoplolaimidae II. Hoplolaimus Daday, 1905. and Aorolaimus n. gen. Nematologica 9:267-295.

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