Family HOPLOLAIMIDAE

Classification:

         Tylenchina
        Tylenchoidea
         Hoplolaimidae (Filip'ev, 1934)
   

Synonyms:
      Nemonchidae (Skarbilovich, 1959)
      Aphasmatylenchidae (Sher, 1965)
      Rotylenchulidae (Husain & Khan, 1965)
      Pararotylenchidae (Baldwin & Bell, 1981)
      Interrotylenchidae (Eroshenko, 1984)

Morphology and Anatomy:

• Female vermiform to kidney-shaped. 
• Lip region higher than 0.5 the diameter of the basal lip annulus, with rounded or trapezoidal outline in
        lateral view. 
• Lateral field generally with four lines. 
• Phasmids generally located anterior to anus, rarely on the tail (except in the case of Scutellonema). 
• Tail two anal body diameters long or less, generally curved dorsally, sometimes
        hemispherical. 
• Deirids absent. 
• Stylet strong, 2.5-3 times longer than the diameter of the basal lip annulus. 
• Esophageal glands overlapping the anterior intestine (exception: Pararotylenchus). 
• Females with two genital branches, posterior branch may be reduced to post-uterine sac. 
• Columned uterus with three rows of four cells. 
• Eggs laid in a gelatinous matrix in Rotylenchulinae. 
• Males may show sexual dimorphism in some taxa with feeding apparatus non-functional. 
• Caudal alae of male leptoderan. 
• Gubernaculum with titillae. 
• Obligate higher plant parasites with a migratory ecto-endoparasitic habit, sometimes semi-endo-sedentary parasites.

[Ref: Fortuner, Rev. Nematol.  10(2):219-232 (1987), and H. Ferris.]

Return to Hoplolaimidae Menu

Go to Nemaplex Main Menu